Should We Become Hardened And Strong. The Industrial...

need to become hardened and strong. The Industrial Revolution was ultimately when man made fossil fuels became a problem for the environment. Before it, about 98% of Earth’s coral reefs were surrounded by waters with adequate aragonite saturation stats, which helped them maintain a healthy ecosystem (Oceana, 2014). However, now almost 60% of coral reefs are in waters that have less adequate aragonite saturated stats (Oceana, 2014), meaning that maintaining their hardened exterior has become increasingly difficult for coral across the globe. Researchers say that if the carbon dioxide concentration increases to 450 parts per meter (ppm), which it will if carbon dioxide emission is not controlled, over 90% of coral reefs will be in waters that cannot sustain the aragonite they need to survive (Oceana, 2014). Due to the rapid increase of carbon dioxide emissions, scientists believe that this is not far off. In fact, they fear that the concentration may double that of what it was p rior to the Industrial Revolution, which would result in stopping coral growth entirely, and all existing coral reefs will begin to erode (Oceana, 2014). A prime example of some of the major damage being done to coral reef habitats is the Great Barrier Reef itself. The Great Barrier Reef is home to almost 400 types of coral, one of the biggest collections in the world (Iacurci, 2014). It is also home to over 1,500 species of fish, as well as 4,000 different types of mollusks (Iacurci, 2014). The GreatShow MoreRelatedThe End Of The Civil War1228 Words   |  5 Pagesand later the political conflict between Johnson and the Radical Republicans, and lastly, the political struggle between Republicans and Democrats. It all resulted in the ever-changing policies toward the freed people. These different policies had strong effects on the society, especially the freed people. 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Concealment in the Twelfth Night Free Essays

British Literature: Concealment in Twelfth Night Throughout Twelfth Night, concealment influences each character’s life because it’s essential to portray how falsehood can be amusing or agonizing before they can discover their identity in life. Therefore, the concept of concealment not only affects the characters’ mistaken identities and abilities to express true love, but it gives the story comedic and entertaining qualities. Furthermore, concealment portrayed throughout this story makes each character develop an identity with either showing cleverness or madness, while it also makes each character realize the principles towards obtaining love and truth. We will write a custom essay sample on Concealment in the Twelfth Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, Viola’s disguise as Cesario and Feste’s costume as Sir Topas shows that they are both clever and amusing which causes characters to experience deception and confusion until their identities are revealed. With this in mind, concealment not only deludes characters from reality, but it exposes the abundance of true love among Viola, Orsino, Olivia, Sebastian, Maria and Sir Toby, which leads to three marriages within the story. Nevertheless, concealment causes the people to experience deceptions and illusions, but also provides humor concerning the morality of human behavior. Moreover, the first example of concealment during the Twelfth Night is Viola’s disguise as Cesario. Viola’s concealment is central to the plot because it is clearly evident that the fluctuation in attitude to the dual role and the situations and tribulations imposed upon the character Viola/Cesario, ends up creating a better understanding of both sexes and thus, allows Viola to have a better understanding of Orsino. For instance, at the end of the story when Orsino finally realizes who Cesario is, he professes his love to Viola by saying: â€Å"When that is known, and golden time convents, A solemn combination shall be made Of our dear souls. Meantime, sweet sister, We will not part from hence. Cesario, come- For so you shall be, while you are a man; But when in other habits you are seen, Orsino’s mistress and his fancy’s queen† (5. 1. 352-358). Consequently, Viola learns that in the role of Cesario, she had to be quick on her feet and defend the probing questions and statements as to her love and others love for her. Also, she acquired the skill to bide her time, until the time was right, in case she reveal her true self or intentions. The disguise also prevents Viola from expressing her love for Orsino, it contributes to the dramatic ironies by causing complications of mistaken identity. Moreover, Viola cannot show her love for Orsino, the only way she can express them is in her soliloquies to the reader, this contributes to the dramatic ironies. For example, when Viola conveys to Orsino what Olivia told her concerning love by saying: â€Å"A blank, my lord. She never told her love, But let concealment, like a worm i’ the bud, Feed on her damask cheek. She pined in thought, And with a green and yellow melancholy She sat like patience on a monument, Smiling at grief. Was not this love indeed? We men may say more, swear more, but indeed Our shows are more than will, for still we prove Much in our vows, but little in our love† (2. 4. 108-115). There are many examples of concealment concerning Viola alone, which enables her to work for Orsino as a messenger: it causes Olivia to fall in love with her and it causes both of them to disguise their feelings from each other until Orsino becomes aware that Cesario is Viola. Concealment also causes mistaken identity. For example, Sir Andrew goes looking for Cesario, strikes him, finds out later it is, Sebastian. Sebastian hits him in return, but sevenfold, and Sebastian having been in Illyria only a few days is proposed to by a beautiful lady and is hit by a man he had never seen before, † Why, there’s for thee, and there, and there! Are all the people mad? â€Å"(4. 1. 16-17). This is a funny series of events started by the disguise of one single woman. It is evident therefore, that the disguises of Viola / Cesario as an example are very important and central to the plot. Also, it portrays how some characters are deceived about their true nature. An example of this is when Orsino sees himself becoming Olivia’s sweet perfections, fulfilling her sexual desire, thought and feeling. He naively believes that he is in love with Olivia when he has never really spoken with her. Another example is Olivia adopting the pretence of mourning and the puritanical Malvolio is tricked into the role of Olivia’s suitor and becomes a smiling courtier. As a result, oncealment contributes to most of the comedy because there is the occasion when Feste dresses up as Sir Topas and Sir Toby brings the joke to an end out of self interest than any concern for Malvolio. Feste uses a black parson’s gown, which is, ironically, the color normally associated with Malvolio, who in contrast is dressed in bright colors. This reversal provides a visible symbol of just how thoroughly his pride has been humiliated. Feste says, â€Å"There is no darkness but ignorance† and Malvolio’s ignorance has been ruthlessly exposed, although he was ignorant to think that Olivia loved him in the first place (4. . 33). It is the verbal and character comedy of Sir Topas, showing how humor comes from the rapid switching of roles and, if rather uneasily, from the deception of Malvolio. There are also more subtle examples of concealment in the Twelfth Night, the nature of characters as well as their identities are disguised. In the letter to Malvolio, Sir Toby Belch disguises his real motives behind his show of friendship for Sir Andrew. Illyria could also be a disguised England, not many people had traveled in Shakespeare’s day and so perhaps he ma de up Illyria to be a fantasy England. This place could be where all stereotypes of English people get up toimg src="http://cdncache-a.akamaihd.net/items/it/img/arrow-10x10.png" / a variety of things, creating familiar stereotypes in a slightly different setting. Perhaps also, Shakespeare wishes to show his audience how ready humans are to disguise themselves: Orsino and Olivia are both disguising their feelings, Malvolio’s vanity and illusions about himself and his mistress help in his humiliation. The irony is that Orsino and Olivia are led to face reality by the characters Viola and Sebastian, who are at the center of the confusion over identity. Disguised characters were a stock convention of comedy, but Shakespeare uses the device to give it wider significance. The play makes us consider what our beliefs are about ourselves and others based upon. Therefore, in conclusion, it can be seen how very important and significant the theme of concealment is. Many forms of concealment featured in the play portray how  emotions and intentions are disguised behind an outer appearance, pretence or an attitude in which the characters possess within each situation. Concealment connects the story, the characters and the different scenes in the play. However, if there wasn’t concealment in the Twelfth Night, there wouldn’t be any humor reflecting the conflicts or problems, which influences the characters’ lives with understanding the truth about love and what causes illusion/deception. Bibliography Shakespeare, William. Twelfth Night. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Ed. David Damrosch et al. 4th ed. New York: Longman, 2009. Vol. 1B. pp. 1217-1272. How to cite Concealment in the Twelfth Night, Papers

Adaptation by Spike Jonze free essay sample

After watching Spike Jonze’s 2002 Adaptation comic film I cannot help but demonstrate empathy towards certain characters, specifically, Donald and Charlie who are twin brothers. For example, I am greatly saddened by the failure of the conventionally successful Charlie to produce a sufficiently impressive script for the Adaptation movie. Such an outcome, which demonstrates a defeatist attitude on the part of Charlie, also points out that with passion, persons can attain almost any feat that they set out to accomplish. On his part, Donald records success in his script writing endeavors basically owing to his intense passion in his undertakings. The good relationship between the 2 brothers, despite their obvious differences, thus makes me proud of their originality and accommodative powers. Further, I marvel at John Laroche’s great efforts to adapt Susan Orlean’s The Orchid Thief article into film. Through this undertaking, Laroche demonstrates intense determination as he attempts a very difficult undertaking. Laroche’s strong willpower thus motivates me to always put forth my best efforts in all activities. Another poignant incidence in Jonze’s film is the instance whereby after experiencing the double tragedy of losing both his wife as well as his wealth, Laroche is hired by Seminoles to aid in orchid collection. This development acts as a much needed reprieve for the obviously troubled Laroche. The man who has been recently rendered destitute secures a source of income. This event thus makes me to poignantly reflect on how humanity is usually a sad victim of circumstances with regard to natural catastrophes like the hurricane that destroys Laroche’s possessions. I thus hold that mankind is a very feeble creature in the wide universe. Related to the aforementioned concept, although Laroche benefits from the Seminoles’ assignment, the Indians are essentially abusing Laroche, a fact that later lands him into trouble. It looks as though Laroche does not bother to investigate how the Seminoles are using the orchids he collects for them. This aspect makes Laroche to ultimately be at loggerheads with the authorities. He is accused of acquiring orchids that the Seminoles use to manufacture illegal drugs. This development also illustrates how desperation can lead people to engage in unthinkable activities. Laroche’s needy status does not allow him time to seek further clarification as to how the Seminoles use the orchids. I therefore greatly empathize with Laroche for his unfortunate situation. Ultimately, towards the end, Jonze transforms the otherwise slow-paced movie to become a fast-paced action-packed film. This changeover is symbolic for it not only heralds doom, but also brings the movie to a poignant halt. For instance, Jonze’s sad victims of circumstances Donald, Laroche, and Susan die, with Charlie the hero being left intact. I am thus made to feel sorry for the three characters who die as the film ends. How would you differentiate Charlie Kaufman from his twin brother Donald? Obviously they both look exactly like Nicholas Cage, but does Cage portray both twins identically? If not (and not is the way to go here), whats different? I dont want you to state your overall impressions or opinions or conclusions here, as much as I want to know what made you draw those conclusions. What does each of these characters do or say on the screen that makes you conclude Thats not what his twin brother would do or say? Nicholas Cage does not completely succeed in making Donald and Charlie similar because both characters are presumably identical twins but behave differently throughout the film. For instance, at one point, Charlie points out that the direction that McKee gives regarding scriptwriting is unnatural. Conversely, Donald seems to accept McKee’s advice as good. This disparity makes the 2 brothers to openly disagree regarding McKee’s script writing counsel. Where does Charlie Kaufmans script end, and his brothers (or some sort of Charlie/Donald collaboration) begin? Charlie terminates his script after he discovers that he cannot confidently approach Susan for script writing advice. It is at this time that Donald comes to the rescue of his brother. Donald thus approaches Susan on behalf of his brother. The 2 brothers thus join efforts and begin working as a unified team. Similarly, where does Meryl Streep stop characterizing the real Susan Orlean, and begin characterizing the fictional Susan Orlean? As with the Kaufman twins, find specific scenes and actions and dialogues that differentiate the one from the other. When Donald and Charlie are strategizing on how to trick Susan into giving out crucial script writing information, Meryl Streep fully metamorphoses into the fictional Susan.   Specifically, the interview session that Donald has with Susan marks her full changeover from the real Meryl Streep. Was this movie an adaptation of Orlean’s work? Did it try to make the same or similar points to the ones she was trying to make? Was there any of her work? The sprawling New Yorker stuff? That Charlie Kaufman complains about to his agent that you felt had been omitted to the movies detriment? Or did the movie go in a completely different direction (and thus not even qualify as an adaptation at all)? The Adaptation movie initially follows the course of Susan’s The Orchid Thief story but later changes into an entirely different creation whereby the relationships and personalities of the Kaufmann brothers are explored. The question of whether or not the film qualifies as an adaptation of Susan’s story is thus muddled. Explain the pun in the title ‘Adaptation’. Adaptation is an ironical title for the movie because it essentially has to do with Kaufman’s inability to adapt Susan’s story into a movie. Further, no real adaptation of the story occurs through the movie’s events. Read all of these responses to it, and write your own response to any specific point that interests you. (You can respond to more than one source if you like, as long as it addresses the same general point youre discussing.) This is another opportunity for you to display your documentation skills. (You may need to do a little library work to discover how to document these sourcesI DONT want to see Professor Goldleafs assignment listed as a source, although thats technically what your source is. I want you to document these sources as if youd found them on your own, and your paper will be read by someone outside of this course who has no idea how to find your assignment.) Again, this DB will be eligible for full credit (3 points) only if its submitted on time, in exceptionally clear prose, with a colorful title, good paragraphing, superb documentation form, and is at least 300 words. David Denby’s 2002 the New Yorker post titled Hothouse Adaptation and Solaris has a number of significant points. For example, the author makes a number of questionable generalizations through the article. On the other hand, Denby presents some arguments that are laudable and that demonstrate his wit through the article. To begin with, Denby controversially employs the success that Donald demonstrates in the movie making industry as a testimony to the fact that conventional moviemaking requires more than intellectual knowledge (Denby). To demonstrate, Donald is not famous as a script writer. Despite this deficiency, Donald however emerges as being more effective in script writing as compared to his self assuming brother. This development stuns not only Donald himself, but also Charlie his brother as well. Academic knowledge is thus shown as not being the only significant factor as to whether or not one succeeds in movie making. It is as if Denby seeks to argue that natural artistic talent plays a bigger role in enabling one to succeed in the arts. This is a concept that is conventionally acknowledged in the contemporary world. Denby is thus spot on in mentioning and analyzing this peculiar quality in Donald that sees him triumph over Charlie. I should however mention that through the movie, it is not evident that Laroche has the hidden agenda of scientifically multiplying the orchid to benefit himself as he accepts the Seminoles’ assignment. Denby would thus be required to provide substantiation for his idea that Laroche seeks to breed the orchid in vitro so as to gain financial benefits from its sales. This clarification would not only provide an additional angle for analyzing the motive from, but also establish Denby as a critical and sensitive thinker. All in all, Denby has developed a very intuitive and informative article about the adaptation movie. The article offers deeper insight and analysis of the motive, both explicit and explicit, behind Jonze’s development of the movie. His efforts are thus laudable despite the aforementioned unclear points. Work Cited Denby, David. Hothouse: The New Yorker. 9 Dec. 2002.7 Aug. 2010. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2002/12/09/021209crci_cinema.

Lack Of Creativity In Contemporary Bangla Literature And free essay sample

Bangle contemporary novel writers have to add various dimensions in their writing in order to gain more acceptance among the readers Of Bangle literature. C] Contemporary writers need to use more metaphors among their writings and have to use their writings carefully and subtly in order to keep their readers interested. The writers have to assume that the readers are intelligent. This way they will be able to thrive. 3 Chuddar, S. (n. D). Stated that The Bengali novel originated in the nineteenth century as a product of the colonial encounter, though it drew upon a multiplicity of iterate traditions, indigenous as well as foreign. P. 6 ). C] Though those are the criteria of the initial category novels of Bangle, it has evolved very much since then. 4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS C] When was the last time they read a Bangle novel? CLC What do they expect from the writers? 0 How do they compare the international literature with the Bangle literature? 5 D What are they aspects they dont like about Bangle C] What do they think about lack of creativity in Bangle 6 HYPOTHESIS 0 The contemporary Bangle literature have many important aspects. We will write a custom essay sample on Lack Of Creativity In Contemporary Bangla Literature And or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Once a lot of creativity were hon. by the Bangle novel writers. But now we can see lot of clicks and predictability among the writers.C] From my research, expect to find that the writers are not getting enough motivations for writing Bangle 7 D think new writers cannot be found in contemporary Bangle literature due to the economic hardship the writers have to bear and endure. 1 also think that too much exposure to technology is killing the appetite for literature in youth. C] I also think that this situation can be changed with the necessary steps from the people related with Bangle 8 Number of respondents (20) . The last time the participants of the survey read a Bangle novel 12 10 25% 15% 5% A. Thin a month B. Before one month C. Within a year D. Cannot remember 55% people cannot remember when was the last time they read a Bangle novel. 80% of the respondents of the survey havent read a Bangle novel within a month. 9 2. Category of a contemporary Bangle novelist of the current era A. D. Creative, B. C. Mediocre, 3, 15% predictable, A. Weak predictable C. Mediocre D. Creative 70% of the respondents have a negative attitude toward a contemporary writer Of the current era. Only 30% of the respondents think that the contemporary writers of the current era are creative.

Like A Family Book Review essays

Like A Family Book Review essays Book Review of Like A Family Jacquelyn D. Hall, James Leloudis, Robert Korstad, Mary Murphy, Lu Ann Jones, and Christopher B. Daly wrote Like A Family. The book was published under W. W. Norton Like A Family was written to illustrate the emergence of the wage labor movement in the South through the textile industry and how these cotton mills evolved into a major economic way of life for Southerners. The origins of this book began during the 1970s by the Southern Oral History Program at the University of North Carolina. The authors wanted to capture the industrialization of the New South through orations by men and women whose past lay in an agrarian lifestyle to the transformation of these people to factory workers. Like A Family tries to bridge the gap between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries while contributing to the steady flow of working-class people in which women, children, and community life played a major role. The authors divided the book into two halves, with part one describing the evolution of the cotton mill world between 1880 and 1920; moreover, part two roughly covers 1920 to 1935 and how national policy and cultural trends affected the lives of those people involved with cotton mill labor. The story is told as a chronological narrative and the characters portrayed embody the values, which I found to be very endearing, that were instilled in me growing up in rural North Carolina. There are a lot of pictures and maps to impact the reader with a sense of how an agrarian southerner lived and the location of the factories that are discussed throughout the book. The creators of this book interviewed at least 200 people from that time period to exemplify the feelings and thoughts that were ominous in the south at that time. Conceptually speaking, the authors f...

Joan Benoit - Marathon Runner

Joan Benoit - Marathon Runner Joan Benoit Facts: Known for: winning Boston Marathon (twice), womens marathon at 1984 OlympicsDates: May 16, 1957 -Sport: track and field, marathonCountry Represented: USAAlso known as: Joan Benoit Samuelson Olympic Gold Medal: 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, womens marathon. Notable especially because: it was the first time the modern Olympics games included a marathon for womenBenoit had knee surgery 17 days before the eventshe beat the reigning womens world champion, Grete Waitzher time was the third best ever for a woman Boston Marathon Wins: First place 1979: time 2:35:15Won 1983 Boston Marathon: time 2:22:42 Joan Benoit Biography: Joan Benoit started running when, at fifteen, she broke a leg skiing, and used running as her rehabilitation. In high school she was a successful competitive runner. She continued with track and field in college, Title IX giving her more opportunities for college sports than she might otherwise have had. Boston Marathons Still in college, Joan Benoit entered the Boston Marathon in 1979. She got caught in traffic on the way to the race, and ran two miles to get to the starting point before the race began. Despite that extra running, and starting at the back of the pack, she pulled ahead and won the marathon, with a time of 2:35:15. She returned to Maine to finish her last year of college, and attempted to avoid the publicity and interviews that she disliked so much. Beginning in 1981, she coached at Boston University. In December of 1981, Benoit had surgery on both Achilles tendons, to try to cure recurring heel pain. The following September, she won a New England marathon with a time of 2:26:11, a record for women, beating a previous record by 2 minutes. In April of 1983, she entered the Boston Marathon again. Grete Waitz had set a new world record for women the day before at 2:25:29. Allison Roe of New Zealand was expected to win; she had come in first among the women in the 1981 Boston Marathon. The day provided excellent weather for running. Roe dropped out because of leg cramps, and Joan Benoit beat Waitz record by more than 2 minutes, at 2:22:42. This was good enough to qualify her for the Olympics. Still shy, she was gradually getting used to the inevitability of publicity. A challenge was raised to Benoits marathon record: it was claimed that she had an unfair advantage from pacing, because mens marathon runner Kevin Ryan ran with her for 20 miles. The records committee decided to let her record stand. Olympic Marathon Benoit began training for the Olympics trials, which would be held on May 12, 1984. But in March, her knee gave her problems which an attempt at rest did not solve. She tried an anti-inflammation drug, but that also did not resolve the knee problems. Finally, on April 25, she had arthroscopic surgery on her right knee. Four days after surgery, she began running, and on May 3, ran for 17 miles. She had more problems with her right knee and, from compensating for that knee, her left hamstring, but she ran in the Olympic trials anyway. By mile 17, Benoit was in the lead, and though her legs continued to be tight and painful for the last miles, she came in first at 2:31:04, and so despite being just weeks out of surgery qualified for the Olympics. She trained over the summer, usually in the heat of the day anticipating a hot run in Los Angeles. Grete Waitz was the expected winner, and Benoit aimed to beat her. The first womens marathon at a modern Olympics was held August 5, 1984. Benoit sped up early, and no one else could overtake her. She finished at 2:24:52, the third best time for a womens marathon and the best in any all-women marathon. Waitz won the silver medal, and Rosa Mota of Portugal won the bronze. After the Olympics In September she married Scott Samuelson, her college sweetheart. She continued to try to avoid publicity. She ran the Americas Marathon in Chicago in 1985, with a time of 2:21:21. In 1987, she ran the Boston Marathon again this time she was three months pregnant with her first child. Mota took first. Benoit didnt participate in the 1988 Olympics, focusing instead on parenting her new infant. She did run the 1989 Boston Marathon, coming in 9th among the women. In 1991, she again ran the Boston Marathon, coming in 4th among the women. In 1991, Benoit was diagnosed with asthma, and back problems kept her from the 1992 Olympics. She was by then the mother of a second child In 1994, Benoit won the Chicago Marathon in 2:37:09, qualifying for the Olympic trials. She placed 13th in the trials for the 1996 Olympics, with a time of 2:36:54. In the trials for the 2000 Olympics, Benoit placed ninth, at 2:39:59. Joan Benoit has raised money for the Special Olympics, Bsotons Big Sisters program and for multiple sclerosis. She has also been one of the runners voices on the Nike running system. More Awards: Ms. Magazine Woman of the Year 1984Amateur Sportswoman of the Year 1984 (shared award), from the Womens Sports FederationSullivan Award, 1986, from the Amateur Athletic Union, for best amateur athlete Education: public high school, MaineBowdoin College, Maine: graduated 1979graduate school: North Carolina State University Background, Family: Mother: Nancy BenoitFather: Andre Benoit Marriage, Children: husband: Scott Samuelson (married September 29, 1984)children: Abigail and Anders

Accounting Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Accounting Theory - Essay Example Laan (2009) argues that the two theories namely Stakeholder and Legitimacy, derived from the broader political economy perspective, broadly explain motivations for social disclosures. The paper aims at exploring whether the main motivation to corporations for social and environmental reporting is to enhance their corporate image and credibility with stakeholders. While a few decades back, corporations sole aim remained enhancing shareholder value in financial terms and report them as per the statutory norms, organisations have now moved beyond traditional financial reporting of their performance to its stakeholders. Currently, stakeholders group not merely constitute shareholders, employees, suppliers, creditors, customers but they also include society, community and all those who are affected by the operations of the organization. Corporate social reporting thus, has occupied a wider perspective. Stakeholder theory prescribes that all stakeholders including primary and secondary have the right to expect fair treatment from an organisation. That is to say management needs to manage the corporation such that interests of all stakeholders are secured. Community or Society at large may not be directly engaged in transactions with the corporation yet they are influenced and affected by the activities of corporations such as emission levels, waste water creation and its treatment, impact on ecology or surroundings and so on. Ethical branch of stakeholder theory also necessitates that community and society not only have a right to know how they are affected or impacted in the long run from the activities of corporations but also they expect that they must be treated fairly by corporation. At the same time, managerial branch of stakeholder theory explains that organisations prefer to provide social and environmental reporting when they believe that it is in their

Take your own moral values on abortion (pro-life) and compare them to Assignment

Take your own moral values on abortion (pro-life) and compare them to the social work ethics and core values - Assignment Example It is interesting in this situation to look at a person’s own biases and prejudices while dealing with this issue. Since every person is situated in a society and can be looked at as a product of the history of that society, it is safe to assume that prejudices would be a part of every person. There needs to thus, be a conscious effort to rid oneself of the prejudices that are a part of one’s mind. It is here that one sees the importance of a code of ethics as laid down by the National Association of Social Workers. This paper shall look at the articles of this code and how it helps one to rid oneself of many a prejudice and work towards a more harmonious society. The code of ethics according to the NASW demands that people who are social workers accept the cultural changes that are a part of today’s society and learn to live in harmony without intentionally or otherwise, causing any damage to the sentiments of others. It is in this context that the issue of abortion becomes a huge issue that becomes difficult for people to grapple with. Any stand that is taken at present seems to be in violation of the beliefs of certain groups, as far as abortion is concerned. This is however, applicable only for those groups that advocate a complete ban on abortion or complete freedom. As in most issues of a multicultural society, the middle path would be the intelligent route to take in this matter. This is especially so since it tends to divide people into watertight compartments even at a political level where it becomes a major issue in pre-electoral times. This lack of discrimination is exhorted to be practiced as can be seen in this part of th e code of ethics- â€Å"Social workers should obtain education about and seek to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,

Argentinas Economic Crisis Essay Example for Free

Argentinas Economic Crisis Essay To divert attention from increasingly severe political and economic problems, in 1982 the junta ordered an invasion of the nearby Falkland Islands, a British territory that Argentina had long claimed. British forces counterattacked and took back the islands. A huge debt was accrued as a result of the war and at the end of the military government in 1983, the country’s industries unemployment were severely affected (Saxton, 2003). In 1983, the junta transferred power to an elected civilian president, Raul Alfonsin of the Radical Civic Union party. The new government’s plans included stabilizing the economy and introducing a new currency known as the austral. New loans were taken out and state eventually was unable to pay the interest on debt and eventually the confidence in austral collapsed. Inflation spiralled out of control, GDP shrank and wages fell by almost half. Following riots President Alfonsin stepped down six months before his term. In 1989, the Justicialist (Peronist) party’s Carlos Menem began governing and in 1991, he appointed Domingo Carvalho as the Minister of the Economy who introduced ‘Convertibility Law System’, which took effect on April 1, 1991. Saxton, 2004, p. 4). The Convertibility Law System ended the hyperinflation by establishing a pegged exchange rate with the U. S. dollar and backing the currency substantially with dollars. The aim was to ensure the acceptance of the currency after the 1989 and 1990 hyperinflation period, as people started rejecting the currency and dema nding US dollars (Hill, 2011). The exchange rate was initially 10,000 Argentine australes per dollar; on January 1, 1992 the peso replaced the austral at 1 peso = 10,000 australes = US$1. 4 (Saxton, 2003) Argentines were allowed to use dollars freely, price stability was assured and the value of the currency was preserved. The quality of life was raised for many and people could afford to travel abroad, buy imported goods and ask for loans from banks at a low interest rate. Argentina attracted extensive foreign investment, which helped modernize its utilities, ports, railroads, banks, and other sectors (Saxton, 2003). However, the fixed exchange rate made imports cheap which lead to loss of Argentina’s industrial infrastructure and increase in unemployment. In the meantime, government spending continued and public debts grew substantially as government needed to borrow to finance external debt. However, the government showed no intention of paying debt off and also delayed payment schedules, while IMF kept lending money. Eventually in 1998 Argentina entered in a four-year recession, during which its economy shrank 28 percent (Saxton, 2003). This happened as a result of the Argentina exports were harmed by devaluation of Brazilian Real and international revaluation of the dollar effectively revaluing the peso against its major trading partners Brazil and the euro area (Hornbeck, 2002). By 1999, elected President De la Rua was left with a country where unemployment had risen to a critical point and the undesirable effects of the fixed exchange rate were showing. The De la Rua government was mainly worried about the federal budget deficit, which was 2. 5 percent of GDP in 1999. That left only one option: raising tax rates. President De la Rua secured approval for three big tax increases, effective January 2000, April 2001, and August 2001. Hence, massive tax evasion and money laundering happened also led to funds evaporating to offshore banks. In 2001, the freeze on bank deposits began, in response to large withdrawals as people started losing confidence in economy. The economy turned from recession to depression as people and businesses could not make payments. Credit evaporated. Many people took to the streets in angry demonstrations which also led to supermarket looting and President De la Rua resigning (Horbeck, 2002). By late 2001, the government tax revenues plunged as the economy contracted and the Argentina government defaulted in its debt repayments, effectively ‘rendering ? 80 billion of government issued bonds worthless’ (Hill, 2011, p. 99). The debt default to IMF was the final nail in the coffin and in early 2002, the government finally allowed the peso to float freely. Hence, the peso immediately fell $1=3. 5 pesos (Hill, 2011). Q1. A fixed exchange rate is an  exchange rate  for a  currency  where the government has decided to link the  value  to another currency or to some valuable commodity like gold. For example in 1990, Argentina fixed the exchange rate of the Argentinean peso to the U. S. dollar at $1=1 peso. A government may fix its currency by holding  reserves  of the  peg  (or the  asset  to which it is fixed) in the  central bank. For example, if a country fixes its currency to the  British pound, it must hold enough pounds in reserve to account for all of its currency in  circulation. Importantly, fixed exchange rates do not change according to  market  conditions. It is also called a pegged exchange rate. For most of the period between 1975 and 1990, Argentina experienced hyperinflation (averaging 325% a year)+, poor or negative  GDP  growth, a severe lack of confidence in the  national government  and the  Central Bank, and low levels of  capital  investment. After eight currency crises since the early 1970s,  inflation  peaked in 1989, reaching 5,000% that year. GDP was 10% lower than in 1980 and per capita GDP had fallen by over 20%. Fixed investment  fell by over half and, by 1989, could not cover yearly  depreciation   particularly in the industrial sector. Social indicators deteriorated seriously: real wages collapsed to about half of their 1974 peak and income poverty rates increased from 27% in 1980 to 47% in 1989. After the 1990s when Argentina fixed its Argentinean Peso against the Dollar, the economy started to settle and actually demonstrated the benefits that fixing an exchange rate can have. By adopting a fixed exchange rate, the government reduced uncertainties for all economic agents in the country. As businesses had the perfect knowledge that prices are fixed and therefore not going to change, hence they could plan ahead in their productions. The fixed exchange rate system avoids the wild day to day fluctuations that are likely to occur under flexible rates and that discourage specialisation in production and the flow of international trade and investment. Argentina implemented its currency board in April 1991. Its main achievement was in controlling inflation, which was brought down from more than 3,000% in 1989 to 3. 4% in 1994. Another major accomplishment of the system was renewed economic growth. Enjoying the high world prices of  primary products  (Argentinas main exports), GDP grew at an annual rate of 8% between 1991 until the  Tequila Effect  of 1995. Even after the  Mexican crisis, until 1998 the annual growth rate was 6%. International trade  also increased dramatically, reflecting the growing degree of openness of the country. Imports increased from US$ 11. 6 billion in 1991 to US$ 32. billion in 2000. Likewise, exports also increased from US$ 12. 1 billion in 1991 to US$ 30. 7 billion in 2000. 2) Why was Argentina unable to maintain its fixed exchange rate regime? What does this tell you about the limitations of a fixed exchange rate regime? In the end, the fixed exchange rate regime did not last and Argentina had to abandon this policy to regain its position in the market. This was mainly because the pegged value was devalued by many countries and this caused global economic growth to decline considerably and the demand of exported Argentina commodities to decrease sharply too. This in turn made Argentinean goods more expensive in other international markets. On top of this, with Brazil devaluing their own currency against the US dollar made matters worse for Argentina as this had an influence on their Argentinean peso, pricing their goods out of the market. The decline in global prices for farm products and the global economic slowdown only added to Argentina’s problems. Even though the fixed exchange rate policy had succeeded previously in strengthening Argentina’s competitive positioning in the global market and stimulated economic growth, this would not have survived for long. The fixed exchange rate regime contains many drawbacks and would not have worked forever, as maintaining this fixed exchange rate conflicted with many other macroeconomic objectives of the country. There was also less flexibility present in a fixed exchange rate policy and caused difficulty for Argentina to respond rapidly to the shocks in the market, as pressure was added on to the currency. This affected the competitiveness of the market and also inflation rates, thus causing Argentina to alter their policy further. However, this is proven to be difficult as some countries may see this as an unfair trade advantage to them, causing some degree of disagreement between certain countries, affecting their competitiveness in the economy and making it harder for them to defend its own currency. Question 3: Do you think that the IMF was correct to insist that the Argentinian government adopt a fiscal austerity program? What other approach could the IMF have taken? The Argentine monetary crisis hit in 1999, but the IMF had been working closely with Argentine government since 1991 and had supported the Peso’s peg to the US Dollar. IEO, 2003), (Stiglitz, 2002) The IMF (2003) considers their policies in the run up to the crisis to have been lax and based on too much optimism. The organisation blames structural weaknesses in the economy; mainly high public sector debt, as well as other factors like lack of labour market flexibility and their own enforcement on these issues. While supporting Argentina through lending, the IMF called for fiscal austerity in order to boost confidence and attract much needed international investment. (MacEwan, 2002), (Stiglitz, 2002), (IMF, 2003) The fund argues that an expansionary fiscal policy was ruled out because there was no surplus from which to spend and deficit spending would have caused the debt to grow at a higher rate than the economy. Furthermore, a budget deficit could have led to higher interest rates for borrowing. (IMF, 2003) Given the fixed exchange rate, an expansionary monetary policy, i. e. increasing the money supply, was not possible. (MacEwan, 2002), (IMF, 2003) MacEwan (2002) argues that fiscal austerity had the opposite effect and reduced markets’ confidence in the country, which led to a worsening of the crisis. An alternative view is that it is normal for a country to run a moderate budget deficit in a recession and that an expansionary fiscal policy would have been more appropriate. (Stiglitz, 2002), (MacEwan, 2002) MacEwan (2002) goes further and explains that â€Å"curtailing social spending on education, health care, physical infrastructure projects cuts the legs out from under long-term economic progress. † In recent years, in spite of the financial crisis and the still-recent default, the Argentine economy has been doing well, growing by 9. 2% in 2010 and 8. 8% in 2011 and is expected to grow at least 5. % in 2012, with the growth being attributed to both fiscal and monetary stimulus. (MarketWatch, 2011), (Dow Jones Newswires, 2012), (MercoPress, 2012) The expansionary policy has led to inflation rates of 22. 75%, which seem to be causing labour disputes when wage increases fail to keep up. (MercoPress, 2012) For conclusion, something like: Even considering the high inflation rate (22. 75%) and resulting labour disputes, the situation is preferable to the massive debt and street riots of 2001. Q4 In the end the Argentinean government was forced to abandon its peg to the dollar.

Rates Of Reaction :: essays research papers

Rates of Reaction BACKGROUND INFORMATION What affects the rate of reaction? 1) The surface area of the magnesium. 2) The temperature of the reaction. 3) Concentration of the hydrochloric acid. 4) Presence of a catalyst. In the experiment we use hydrochloric acid which reacts with the magnesium to form magnesium chloride. The hydrogen ions give hydrochloric acid its acidic properties, so that all solutions of hydrogen chloride and water have a sour taste; corrode active metals, forming metal chlorides and hydrogen; turn litmus red; neutralise alkalis; and react with salts of weak acids, forming chlorides and the weak acids. Magnesium, symbol Mg, silvery white metallic element that is relatively unreactive. In group 2 (or IIa) of the periodic table, magnesium is one of the alkaline earth metals. The atomic number of magnesium is 12. Magnesium(s) + Hydrochloric acid(aq) = Magnesium Chloride(aq) + Hydrogen(g) Mg + 2HCl  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MgCl2 +   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  H2 In the reaction when the magnesium hits the acid when dropped in, it fisses and then disappears giving of hydrogen as it fisses and it leaves behind a solution of hydrogen chloride. The activation energy of a particle is increased with heat. The particles which have to have the activation energy are those particles which are moving, in the case of magnesium and hydrochloric acid, it is the hydrochloric acid particles which have to have the activation energy because they are the ones that are moving and bombarding the magnesium particles to produce magnesium chloride. The rate at which all reactions happen are different. An example of a fast reaction is an explosion, and an example of a slow reaction is rusting. In any reaction, reactants chemical reactions ® products. We can measure reactions in two ways: 1) Continuous:- Start the experiment and watch it happen; you can use a computer â€Å"logging† system to monitor it. I.e. Watching a colour fade or increase. 2) Discontinuous:- Do the experiments and take readings/ samples from the experiment at different times, then analyse the readings/samples to see how many reactants and products are used up/ produced. Reaction rate = amount of reactant used up time taken If the amount used up is the same each time then the only thing that changes is the time taken. so, reaction rate  µ   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 time taken. rate = K time taken. Where K is the constant for the reaction. For particles to react:- a) They have to collide with each other. b) They need a certain amount of energy to break down the bonds of the particles and form new ones. This energy is called the â€Å"Activation Energy† or Ea. When we increase the temperature we give the particles more energy which: 1) Makes them move faster which In turn makes them collide with each other more

Coco-Cola and Coco Frio

The journey of Coco-Cola and Coco Frio In the poem â€Å"Coca-Cola and Coco Frio† Martin Espada talks about a boy who travels to Puerto Rico searching for something different, that he himself has never had or tasted before, Puerto Rican Culture. The narrator explains that he only knows stories of his family, realization of his identity, and finally connects with his true identity after his first trip. In the poem Espada says â€Å"island of family folklore† witch indicates that stories that he has heard is all he knows of Puerto Rico, the family’s that live there.Espada also says the fat boy wandered, table to table, with mouth open. He was looking for heritage, culture, and identity instead he found what he had in Brooklyn witch was Coco-Cola. In the text he keeps on referring to himself as the fat boy that is on the island, like and out sider that doesn’t fit anywhere. The fat boy sees himself going to every table where he sees a â€Å"great-aunt† giving him a cold glass of Coco-Cola. Witch in his mind he is thinking to his self why Coco-Cola is such a great thing here. Espada makes it clear that the fat boy is lost in his own identity.In the second stanza he still refers to himself as the fat boy when he gets to the roadside stand off the beach. That first sentence he says â€Å"opened his mouth to Coco Frio†. That means he finally opened his mind to a new feeling in his identity, Culture. Once the fat bot tried the Coco-Frio he was no longer the fat bot he was the boy now. As the green shell overhead, drooled coconut milk down his chin. He finally got to know how his family culture is. The last sentence in the second stanza Espada says â€Å"suddenly, Puerto Rico was not Coco-Cola or Brooklyn, and neither was he†.He was explaining how Puerto Rico and Brooklyn weren’t all about Coco-Cola anymore. He finally connects to his culture and he knows his identity. Time went by and the boy thought back of how p eople on the island would drink Coco-Cola and sing songs from WW2. To the boy people in Puerto Rico were losing their culture and they were focusing on the American culture with coco cola. As Espada would state in the third stanza â€Å"while so many coconuts in the trees sagged have with milk, swollen and unsuckled†.The boy was trying to say that as a lot of people focus on coco cola as a new icon in Puerto Rico there losing their true identity and Culture as the boy did before trying the coconut. The experiences that Espada went through when he got to the island other people go through also. Every day people try to find their true identity in their culture making sure people don’t miss important details. The boy finally understands what it means to be a true Puerto Rican, it’s not all about the party’s and fun u can have on the island. Its learning how the island has symbols that people don’t see. Coco-Cola and Coco Frio The journey of Coco-Cola and Coco Frio In the poem â€Å"Coca-Cola and Coco Frio† Martin Espada talks about a boy who travels to Puerto Rico searching for something different, that he himself has never had or tasted before, Puerto Rican Culture. The narrator explains that he only knows stories of his family, realization of his identity, and finally connects with his true identity after his first trip. In the poem Espada says â€Å"island of family folklore† witch indicates that stories that he has heard is all he knows of Puerto Rico, the family’s that live there.Espada also says the fat boy wandered, table to table, with mouth open. He was looking for heritage, culture, and identity instead he found what he had in Brooklyn witch was Coco-Cola. In the text he keeps on referring to himself as the fat boy that is on the island, like and out sider that doesn’t fit anywhere. The fat boy sees himself going to every table where he sees a â€Å"great-aunt† giving him a cold glass of Coco-Cola. Witch in his mind he is thinking to his self why Coco-Cola is such a great thing here. Espada makes it clear that the fat boy is lost in his own identity.In the second stanza he still refers to himself as the fat boy when he gets to the roadside stand off the beach. That first sentence he says â€Å"opened his mouth to Coco Frio†. That means he finally opened his mind to a new feeling in his identity, Culture. Once the fat bot tried the Coco-Frio he was no longer the fat bot he was the boy now. As the green shell overhead, drooled coconut milk down his chin. He finally got to know how his family culture is. The last sentence in the second stanza Espada says â€Å"suddenly, Puerto Rico was not Coco-Cola or Brooklyn, and neither was he†.He was explaining how Puerto Rico and Brooklyn weren’t all about Coco-Cola anymore. He finally connects to his culture and he knows his identity. Time went by and the boy thought back of how p eople on the island would drink Coco-Cola and sing songs from WW2. To the boy people in Puerto Rico were losing their culture and they were focusing on the American culture with coco cola. As Espada would state in the third stanza â€Å"while so many coconuts in the trees sagged have with milk, swollen and unsuckled†.The boy was trying to say that as a lot of people focus on coco cola as a new icon in Puerto Rico there losing their true identity and Culture as the boy did before trying the coconut. The experiences that Espada went through when he got to the island other people go through also. Every day people try to find their true identity in their culture making sure people don’t miss important details. The boy finally understands what it means to be a true Puerto Rican, it’s not all about the party’s and fun u can have on the island. Its learning how the island has symbols that people don’t see.

A History of Greek Festivals

In the Archaic Period four major festivals were established which brought together Greeks from across the known universe to vie in athletic and later on musical competitions. The first was the Olympic Games which has a traditional foundation day of the month of 776 BC. This was followed by three more in speedy sequence in the early 6Thursdaycentury BC. Together these festivals made up the ‘periodos’ [ 1 ] which was extremely important in furthering the dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points and between Greeks and non-Greeks. The competition between those take parting and the city states they were stand foring is an illustration of how those Pan-hellenic dealingss were developing. Other countries are how the direction of each of the festivals and who really attended these ‘Panhellenic’ festivals. The honor and glorification gained by the masters in each of the four Games was so great that the lone stuff awards straight received from the organizers were Crowns of assorted workss sacred to the Gods that the festivals were dedicated to. [ 2 ] This led to the term ‘periodonikes’ being created which was given to the jocks that had won competitions at all four Games and were considered to be the greatest jocks for this accomplishment. [ 3 ] This could propose that the competition between the jocks would be so ferocious that tensenesss would be created in dealingss between persons in add-on to the city states that they were stand foring. On the other manus it is deserving observing that Olympic masters were non above the jurisprudence in their place province as can be shown in the narrative of Philippos of Croton who was exiled after he became betrothed to a adult female from Sybaris even though he had been winning at the Olympic Games. [ 4 ] The memorials that were bui lt by the city states shows the committedness they had to guaranting the remainder of the Greek universe could retrieve their triumphs for many old ages to come. Not merely were the memorials dedicated to athletic triumphs but the sanctuaries where the four Panhellenic Games were held besides contained memorials honoring military triumphs over other city states. [ 5 ] This suggests the metropoliss were non interested in whether their oppositions were offended and hence strains in the dealingss between them due to the struggles the memorials were mentioning to would go on. Shortly after the creative activity of the four Panhellenic festivals in the early 6Thursdaycentury BC Athens began reorganizing their Panathenaia festival in order for it to include athletic tourneies in add-on to the musical and ecstatic competitions that had been held at that place. [ 6 ] Consequently the Panathenaic festival became more important within the athletic universe yet it was ne'er regarded every bit extremely as the four Panhellenic festivals that made up the ‘periodos’ which can be seen through the usage of expensive stuff awards [ 7 ] as opposed to the Crown prizes masters took off at the Olympic, Pythian, Isthmian and Nemean Games. This suggests the jocks would hold a focal point of winning the awards alternatively of the honor they received through their triumphs. Consequently, the city states they represented would hold had less of an involvement in whether they won if the glorification of triumph was less than that in ‘periodos’ triumphs and therefore dealingss between different city states would hold been more likely to be unchanged. The lone city state to truly profit from the revitalised Panathenaic festival would hold been Athens as they had the chance to advance their metropolis to visitants from beyond Attica yet it has been suggested that the Panathenaia was ne'er supposed to be Panhellenic and was alternatively supposed to back Athenian national pride which is why dealingss between Greeks remained unchanged. [ 8 ] The last race to be added to the programme of events at the Olympic Games in approximately 520 BC was the ‘hoplitodromos’ which involved jocks running in full armor. This peculiar race besides featured in the other Panhellenic Games which suggests the importance of such a race. Pausanias suggests the race could hold been designed to advance military preparation as contending wars was common in the Archaic Period and the menace of struggle with Iranian forces was increasing. [ 9 ] This ‘military training’ could hold besides been a manner for the city states to expose their military art and hence derive farther glorification from a military facet in add-on to the athletic facet. However Philostratus suggests as it was the last race of the competition that it symbolised the return to a militant nature after the ‘peaceful’ armistices that were established for the continuance of each of the Panhellenic festivals. [ 10 ] The armistices referred to above were designed to advance peace amongst the city states of Greece as it prohibited ground forcess to come in the countries around the sanctuaries where the festivals were held and ensured the safe transition of those go toing the festivals. [ 11 ] However as it may hold ensured peaceable dealingss for city states such as Elis it did non forestall wars from taking topographic point outside of these parts. However holding a armistice in topographic point meant people from all over the Grecian universe and beyond could garner in one topographic point and set up peaceable dealingss with others every bit good as keep them. As minister plenipotentiaries were sent out from the city states where the festivals were held in the months taking up to each of the Games to denote the beginning of them this was a method of advancing the Games whilst at the same clip advertising the city-states themselves and networking with the remainder of Greece as representatives f rom each metropolis would be chosen to have the minister plenipotentiary. [ 12 ] Harmonizing to Pausanias Pisa originally had control over the metropolis of Olympia and hence would hold governed the Olympic Games. However their â€Å"hostility† towards the Eleians caused a war which saw Elis conquer Pisa and claim the site of Olympia as theirs. [ 13 ] This combat over the ‘Panhellenic’ sanctuaries suggests metropoliss would be prepared to pay a war if it resulted in them having the honor that must hold come with bring forthing the most esteemed Games in this period. The existent disposal of the Olympic Games by the city state of Elis was by and large considered to be without prejudice. [ 14 ] The Judgess were Eleian and chosen by Elis and as a consequence it did pull some unfavorable judgment from foreigners such as Herodotus who describes the narrative of when citizens of Elis visit Egypt to inquire them their sentiment on whether the Games were being administered reasonably to which they reply they are non because Eleians themselves could co me in the competitions and therefore they would non be judged reasonably against people from different topographic points. [ 15 ] This suggests Herodotus is belittling the unity of those judging the competitions who had even named themselves as ‘Hellanodikai’ which means ‘judges of the Greeks’ . [ 16 ] It is possible that many other Greeks had this position and so it would hold the possible to make tensenesss within dealingss between those pull offing the festival and the foreigners who were take parting in it. However they may be some truth to these positions as Thomas Heine Nielsen states that Elis was the most successful province to vie in the Olympics with the bulk of triumphs in the boy’s competitions and the equestrian events although you would anticipate more entrants from Elis into these tourneies as they were closest to the Olympic sanctuary. [ 17 ] The history of the locations of the four Panhellenic festivals was important in pulling Greeks from afar as the city states that were bring forthing these Games relied on the fabulous importance of the sites. In add-on to holding sanctuaries dedicated to a major God and world-renowned prophets in topographic points like Delphi these city states managed to utilize outstanding fabulous figures such as Heracles as a method of advancing their festivals. At Olympia Heracles was traditionally the laminitis of the Olympic Games and his undertaking of get the better ofing the Nemean king of beasts was used for the Nemean Games. In Delphi it was thought that there was a battle between him and Apollo over a tripod which surface in the early 6Thursdaycentury BC. [ 18 ] Furthermore, the Isthmian Games were held in honor of Poseidon and as a consequence the Equus caballus races were the most of import portion of the festival at that place. [ 19 ] This mixture of major Gods and heroes from mytholo gy ensured the success of the Panhellenic festivals in add-on to developing the construct of Panhellenism as people from across the Grecian universe would hold identified with these myths which suggests dealingss between them would hold improved. Relationss besides had the possible to be fostered through the construction of the Pythian Games as forfeits and banquets were the lone events on the first two yearss of the five-day festival. This gave rivals and witnesss alike the â€Å"opportunity to socialize and advance sentiments of harmoniousness and community.† [ 20 ] An confederation of city states known as the Amphictyonic League were responsible for puting up the Pythian Games and the readyings for them every four old ages after they had been winning in the First Sacred War. [ 21 ] This is an illustration of Greeks from different topographic points working together and their desire to prolong the dealingss created by their engagement in the war. Producing a festival would hold besides promoted peace and community values which is shown by the Pythian armistice established during each festival. A important historical figure associated with taking the reorganization of the Pythian Games after the First Sacred War was the tyrant Cleisthenes of Sicyon. McGregor besides believes that Cleisthenes of Sicyon was linked with the other Panhellenic festivals every bit good. The narrative of Cleisthenes and his daughter’s suers at Olympia maintains the thought that the Olympic Games were truly a universe phase for powerful leaders to acquire their vo ices heard. However Cleisthenes seemingly favoured the suers from Eretria and its Alliess as they were Ionians and he was traditionally thought to be anti-Dorian. [ 22 ] This suggests divisions amongst those viing could be formed as a consequence of cultural differences and that dealingss could go labored between Greeks from different topographic points as a effect. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the Nemean Games were established by the less dominant city state of Cleonae in concurrence with Argos in resistance to Cleisthenes of Sicyon after Cleonae had secured their freedom from Sicyon. [ 23 ] If this is true so it is farther grounds of the Panhellenic Games being used to do tenseness between city states. On the topic of who was really allowed to vie in the four Panhellenic Games it seemed to be originally sole to the nobility and the wealthy as the funerary games in honor of Patroclus in the Iliad show blue Greeks from many different topographic points compete in the chariot race which was the chief event. Chariot races were preponderantly for the wealthiest as Equus caballuss were expensive and hard to develop which meant they could expose their wealth whilst set uping dealingss with Greeks from different topographic points. [ 24 ] On the other manus this suggests that the poorest in society would non hold competed in the Panhellenic festivals such as the Isthmian Games where the equestrian events were considered to be the most esteemed and so if they did take part it would be in inferior events where they could non derive as much glorification. The suggestion that poorer persons would non vie in the major four Panhellenic festivals is evidenced by the point that they would non hold had the clip for athletic preparation [ 25 ] or to go to the four sanctuaries where each of the four Games were held if they lived a long distance off. Furthermore there were local festivals and games they could hold competed in which would hold been much more practical [ 26 ] but if this was the instance for most Greeks so at that place would hold been less of a fosterage of dealingss between people from different topographic points if they were merely interacting with others from the same community. However by the 6Thursdaycentury BC other events were added to the Panhellenic Games which meant the poorer in society could take part [ 27 ] as they were athleticss that were practiced throughout the whole of the Grecian universe. [ 28 ] This implies that the festivals became more Pan-hellenic as more people from different topographic points would be more likely to come in the competitions. Bury suggests that autocrats were the cause for this alteration as they wanted to defend the common people in order to win their support. [ 29 ] However if this ground is true so Panhellenism would merely be a side-effect of the autocrats desiring to derive more power and keep their reign. In add-on to this the autocrats could besides be a beginning of tenseness within dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points as is shown from the illustration of Cleisthenes of Sicyon trying to put up his ain Pythian Games in Sicyon after the autumn of dictatorship in Corinth meant they had more i nfluence in Delphi. [ 30 ] Relations between Corinth and Elis were besides strained in this period because of Olympia’s refusal to wipe out the names of the Cypselidae from some offerings which resulted in no Eleians being allowed to vie in the Isthmian Games and hence they were non able to derive the extremely esteemed ‘periodonikes’ rubric that athletes longed for. This is an illustration of a city-state utilizing its authorization over one of the Panhellenic festivals to demo their resistance to another city state which would hold had a well negative consequence on dealingss. In contrast Pausanias suggests that it was the â€Å"curses of Moline† that kept the Eleians off from the Isthmian Games. [ 31 ] Officially all free Grecian males were permitted to vie in the Olympic Games but this meant â€Å"females, non-Greeks and slaves were excluded from direct participation.† [ 32 ] However the Judgess make up one's minding who could come in the competitions must hold been moderately flexible with the regulations as there is no record of person being refused entry on the evidences of their cultural individuality. [ 33 ] As a consequence of this many Grecian settlers from distant topographic points like Sicily and the north shore of the Black Sea came to Olympia during the Olympic festival. [ 34 ] Attending the festivals such as the Olympic Games was a immense benefit to Greek settlements as it meant they could remain in close contact with the mainland and set up connexions with other metropoliss and settlements whilst maintaining a safe distance off from the metropolis it originated from in order to keep its independency. Olympia besides acted as a impersonal land for neighboring settlements who were at war with each other whilst supplying a beginning of military preparation when jocks competed in events such as the ‘hoplitodromos’ so they could support themselves against non-Greeks and other settlements. Western Greeks were slightly influential in the running of the Olympic Games which can be seen by the add-on of two new events in the early 5Thursdaycentury BC that were popular throughout Grecian settlements in the West. [ 35 ] This suggests dealingss between the settlements in the West and the Grecian mainland were good. For the dealingss between Greeks and non-Greeks Panhellenic festivals caused divisions. One of the narratives from Herodotus shows how Alexander’s rivals tried to take him from the race by claiming that he was non genuinely Grecian. [ 36 ] Another states the response of a Iranian when he is told of the â€Å"crown of olive† that athletes compete for in the Olympic Games and he was called a â€Å"coward† by a Grecian male monarch for it. [ 37 ] This dissentious facet of the Panhellenic Games can besides be seen by the usage of nakedness when viing in the competitions as it was considered absurd for high-level males in cultural groups such as the Persians or Lydians to look bare when practising athletics. [ 38 ] These illustrations show the contrasts between the Greeks manner of thought compared to the remainder of the universe and how this was implemented at the Panhellenic festivals. Ultimately the four Panhellenic festivals that formed the ‘periodos’ were designed in a manner that promoted Greek individuality and therefore dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points were frequently fostered through the shared faith and mythology of the sanctuaries where they were held every bit good as the shared athleticss that the competitions were comprised of. Nevertheless the jocks were ferociously competitory as they were the most esteemed competitions in the Greek universe which suggests tensenesss would hold developed in dealingss between non merely the jocks themselves but besides the city states they were stand foring. Armistices were established during each of the four festivals but this did non forestall war from happening outside of the affected parts. Furthermore it was the blue and the wealthy who chiefly competed in the extremely esteemed events such as chariot racing which would hold received the most honour for winning but with autoc rats presenting more events aimed at poorer persons there was the possibility that more dealingss were being fostered between Greeks from different degrees of society. Overall, the Panhellenic festivals did much to further dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points even if it was non the primary purpose sometimes. On the other manus festivals such as the Olympic Games showed a clear divide between the Greeks and the remainder of the universe and consequently dealingss between them would hold been less developed.

What Should High School Students Do After School

What Should High School Students Do After School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips High school studentshave a lot of options for what they can do once the school day ends: they can study, do homework, participate in a sport, watch TV, work at a job, play video games, attend a club meeting and more.Some of these activities are more useful and productive than others, and spending your time after school wisely can help you become better prepared for college and the rest of your future. Whether you're a student or a parent, read on to learn about the benefits afterschool activities can have and which are the best ones for high schools students to participate in. Benefits of Afterschool Activities Afterschool activities refer to any organized program that students participate in once the school day has finished. While after school activities vary widely, they can have many similar benefits. Below are some of the most common. Become a Better Student Students who participate in after school activities often perform better in class compared to those who don’t participate in them.A study conducted in 2011 showed that high school students who attend after school programs are less likely to drop out, have better attendance records, and have a more positive attitude towards school. They also often had an increase in their GPA and standardized test scores, so participating in an afterschool program can raise your grades! Improvements in grades were seen regardless of what type of afterschool program the student participated in, so you don't necessarily have to be in an academic afterschool activity to get this benefit, sports and clubs work just as well. Afterschool activities can also increase your chances of being accepted to college because you can include your participation in these activities on your college applications. Colleges love to see students who were involved in high school, and participating in an afterschool activity is a great way to show your interests and academic motivation. Learn New Skills Afterschool activities can also teach you new skills and hobbies or allow you to continue current activities you enjoy.These can be hobbies you do for your own personal interest, or you can also choose to participate in afterschool activities that give you skills that will be useful for college and future careers. For example, if you are interested in being a doctor, you can be a part of your school’s Science Olympiad team or volunteer at a hospital.Because there are so many afterschool activities available, there’s a good chance you can find one that matches your interests. Meet New People One of the most popular reasons to participate in after school activities is that they give you an opportunity to spend time with your friends as well as make new ones.Participating in the same activity as someone else often means you have a shared interest, such as volunteering or playing a sport, and that can make it easier to become friends because you already know you have something in common. Safety Afterschool activities can also increase student safety by giving you a supervised environment to be in after school. If your parents are worried about you being on your own before they come home from work, an afterschool activity can put their mind at ease while allowing you to participate in something you enjoy. Much like this crossing guard, afterschool activities can help keep students safe. Read on to learn about different types of afterschool activities you can participate in. Types of Afterschool Activities Below are five of the most common and productive ways for high school students to spend their time after school. I've includeda short description for each one, along with any particular benefits it offers and some common examples. Traditional Afterschool Programs Afterschool programs were originally designed as a way for younger students to be supervised while their parents were at work, but with the benefits of these programs becoming more apparent, they have expanded to cover high school students and include a variety of activities. Today, roughly 2 million high school students participate in afterschool programs in the US. Some of these programs are less structured and simply offer a place for you to study or receive homework help, while others offer activities and sports you can participate in, similar to a school club or sports team.There are also many special interest afterschool programs available now, focusing on topics as varied as preparing for college, doing volunteer work, or learning a new language. Because these programs are so varied, they can have numerous benefits. Many provide tutoring and homework help that you can use if you are struggling in school or just need some help in a certain subject. These programs are often designed to encourage teamwork and group activities, so they can also be a great place to make friends.They also often have mentors who can teach you new things and give you advice when your parents are not around. Examples: Your high school may offer its own afterschool programs, or it may be affiliated with one or more national programs, such as those listed below: Boys and Girls Clubs of America Scouting (such as Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts) After-School All-Stars Future Business Leaders of America Sports Sports are a common afterschool activity for high school studentsto participate in. Many students enjoy being part of a team, feeling a sense of competition, and being active.These can be sports teams through your school, such as the school football or soccer team, or they can be club sports or community teams. Examples: Common high school sports include football, basketball, soccer, baseball, softball, hockey, swimming, cross country, and tennis. Less common sports include karate, fencing, skiing, and horseback riding. Clubs Joining a club is a great way to gain a new interest or continue to pursue an interest or activity you already enjoy. There is a huge variety of clubs available, and your high school likely offers a large number of clubs to choose from.Besides giving you the opportunity to spend more time on a particular interest or hobby, joining a club can also give you leadership experience if you choose to organize a new event or become a club officer. Examples: There are clubs that cover nearly every interest, from writing club, to math team, to a painting group. Your school’s website or student handbook will likely have a list of all the available clubs; if not, ask your academic adviser about club offerings. If your school doesn't offer a club you're interested in, you can also start your own. Check out our guide to starting your own high school club! Job/Internship If you are looking for a way to earn money or gain experience to include on your resume and college applications, getting a job or an internship can be a great way to spend your time after school.Getting a part-time job as a high school student can help you gain new skills and become more responsible, as well as earn some spending money. Internships can be a great way to get experience more directly related to a future career you’d like to have, but be aware that it can be difficult for high school students to get an internship, and many of them are unpaid. Examples: Common jobs for high school studentsinclude babysitting, working at a grocery store, being a waiter/waitress, tutoring, and working as a sales associate. Many places now offer internships, from a large business to your local museum. To learn more, check out our guides on the 8best jobs for high school students and how to get an internship as a high school student. Volunteer Work If there is an issue that you care about or a group of people you’d like to help, then volunteering can be an excellent after school activity.Volunteering is a great way to spend time helping others or working on a cause you’re passionate about. Many organizations accept volunteers, so you are likely to find a volunteer opportunity that interests you. You can also use your volunteer work as experience on your resume and college applications, and it can be a good (albeit non-payed) alternative if you can’t find a job or internship that you find interesting. Examples: There are a wide variety of places where you can perform volunteer work or community service. Check out our guide on the 9 best places to do community service as well as 129 great community service project ideas. How to Get Involved Now that you know some of the best ways to spend your time after school, you can begin thinking about what activities you’d like to get involved in. Follow the steps below to help choose the best activities for you. 1. Think About Your Interests Afterschool activities are much more enjoyable when they’re focused on something you care about, so start by making a list of your interests. This can include your favorite classes, hobbies you enjoy, sports you’ve wanted to try, or what you plan on studying in college. If you need more ideas, check out our guide to the complete list of extracurricular activities, which includes hundreds of examples for you to look through. What do I like to do? 2.See What Your School Offers The next step is to see if your school offers any afterschool activities that align with your interests. Check your student handbook or the school’s website to see if they list the clubs, sports, and other activities they offer. If you need more help, ask your guidance counselor. You can also ask your friends if they are a part of any afterschool programs that they enjoy and would recommend. 3. Look for Other Activities in Your Community While participating in afterschool activities through your school is often easier because you don’t have to travel to get there and you likely know some people already, your community may also have great opportunities for you to spend your time after school, such as part-time jobs or volunteer work. Your adviser or your school’s career services may be able to help you find opportunities, but you can also ask around your community.Check job boards or your town hall, or you can also contact places where you’d like to work or volunteer directly. 4. Consider Logistics Before you join any afterschool activities, you should think about how much time you’ll be able to devote to them.Afterschool activities can be a great way to have fun and strengthen your college application, but they shouldn’t come at the expense of your academics. Think about how much time your afterschool activities will require and how much time you’ll have to devote to them. If you’re unsure about the time commitment for a certain activity, ask the coach or supervisor for an estimate.Don’t sign up for more activities than you have time forbecause doing sowill only cause you to feel stressed out and couldcause your grades to suffer as well. If you have trouble motivating yourself to study or complete your schoolwork, you may want to consider participating in an afterschool program that offers tutoring and academic guidance. Popular programs include the Boys and Girls Clubs of America and After-School All-Stars, or your school may offer its own program.These programs are great for anyone looking to improve their academics, and they can be particularly helpful for freshman who are just getting used to high school workloads. Bottom Line As a high school student, there are many ways you can spend your time after school, but some activities are more productive and beneficial than others. Look for activities that you will enjoy and that will give youuseful skills and experience in order to best prepare yourself for college and the future. What's Next? Interested in learning more about community service? Check out our guide on what community service is and how it can benefit you. Trying to decide if you should get a job? Read our guide to the pros and cons of getting a job as a teen. Want to find the perfect extracurricular for you?Check out our list of hundreds of extracurricular activities for high school students. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

A Plot Summary of a Movie About Cuban Refugees in America

A Plot Summary of a Movie About Cuban Refugees in America In 1980, Fidel Castro sent hundreds of thousands of Cubans from his country on rafts to America. Castro not only sent everyday people to America on boats; he used this as a chance to clear out his crowded jail cells. There was an estimated 25,000 former Cuban inmates that arrived in Florida. Tony Montana is one of the masses of criminals sent by Cuba to America. His only chance to get a green card was to kill Rebenga, a former political leader from Cuba. Montana had no trouble executing the former communist leader. Tony moves to Miami and agrees to do a job for a big time cocaine dealer, Frank Lopez. Frank noticed the good job Tony did for him and in turn wants Montana to continue working for him. Lopez sends him to Bolivia to work on a deal with Sosa, their cocaine supplier. While there Tony seizes an opportunity to go into business for himself. Tony shoots his way to the top of a drug crime family, killing both friend and foe alike. Finally after murdering his boss and marrying his bosss girlfriend, hes crowned drug kingpin. Tony starts having legal problems and rather than do time, his supplier Sosa offered to take care of the court case if Tony would take an assassin with him to New York to eliminate one of his enemies. This was the begging of the end for Tony Montana. The man who was supposed to be eliminated had his wife and kids in the car with him. Tony was against killing women and children but the assassin wouldn’t listen to him; so Tony shot him. Tonys decline was caused by his twisted sense of brotherhood. When Sosa learned of this he was furious. He sent a small army of men to Tony’s home to kill him. Tony didn’t go down easy, but in the end he still went down. Drugs in this movie portrayed money and power. Whoever distributed the drugs had control of the others around him who didn’t. The main goal of many characters in this movie was to get people under you so they can do your dirty work. All major characters in this movie were obsessed with money drugs, and women. Tony’s philosophy was: â€Å"First you get the money, then you get the power, and then you get the women. The unhealthy messages about drugs conveyed in this movie suggest that they are a quick way to make cash but can ultimately be someone’s downfall. Tony’s drug control led to other problems. He couldn’t get his money laundered from his normal banker because the more money Tony gave the banker, the higher the interest charge he would receive in return. Tony’s best friend set up a meeting with a different banker; who happened to be an undercover police officer. Drugs are also portrayed as a way to get women. Elvira, the woman of Tony’s obsession, went from one boyfriend to another based on who could supply her cocaine addiction. In one particular scene Frank tells Tony the two key rules to success in the drug business. Rule number one is to â€Å"never underestimate the other guys greed.† Rule number two is to â€Å"never get high on your own supply.† This came back to haunt Tony because later in the movie Frank hired two hitters to take Tony out right during a performance by octavio the clown. Just when octavio was waddling around the stage, the hitters opened fire. Luckily for Tony, they werent great shots. Tony managed to evade them and escaped through the door. Tony knew it was Frank. The only thing to do was to strike back. So, he went right over to Franks. Frank denied any involvement. He said it was the Diaz brothers. Tony wasnt fooled and Frank cracked. He admitted to what he did and knelt down and groveled at Tonys feet. Tony ordered his death. The last scene was the most memorable because Tony had crossed Sosa, the powerful cocaine supplier and Sosa sent his army to execute Tony. Tony was so doped up on cocaine that he took seven or eight shots in the chest and didn’t feel any pain. He made the statement: â€Å"Your bullets can’t hurt me.† It took a shotgun blast in the back to finally kill Tony. Tony’s death was as violent as his life. I would definitely recommend this movie to others, especially if they’re the kind of person who enjoys violent, action-packed movies. was very realistic and shows how a Cuban refugee could have climbed up ladder to become a very powerful drug dealer. This film was very violent and bloody. Compared to some films today, the violence isn’t as bad as people thought it was in 1983. One of my favorite scenes in the movie is when Tony’s friend Angel is getting cut into pieces with a chainsaw. The blood splatters everywhere. The music in this film sometimes seemed lifeless and boring. When you take into consideration that it was made almost eighteen years ago, the music doesn’t sound too bad. I think Frank Lopez’s first rule of how to succeed applies to every aspect of your business life. Because no matter how bad you may want something, there’s always going to be someone else who wants it more than you.

Financial Services and Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Services and Markets - Essay Example No doubt MiFID has its own influence on the effectiveness of the functions of FSA in that there may be some overlapping of the initiatives as laid down by both the regulations in achieving the purposes for which they have been introduced. With this background this paper attempts to bring out a detailed report on the legal implications of MiFID on the FSA and the extent of the exposure of its authority on the activities of different organisations, which are supposed to be regulated and controlled by FSA. Financial Services Authority is an independent non-government body, set up under the Financial Services and Markets Act (FSMA) 2000. The important role of this authority funded by the industry is to regulate the financial services industry. Under FSMA the FSA has the following statutory objectives: The New Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 provide a framework within which the Financial Services Authority (FSA) will operate as the UK's sole, statutory, financial services regulator. (Lindsey Hemingway 2001) The policy objectives of FSMA 2000 are to create an efficient and effective transparent framework for financial services regulation in the UK which promoted market confidence and protects consumers. According to HM Treasury Note (2005) "these Regulations fulfill these objectives by enabling the FSA, the UK's single regulator of financial services, to operate more effectively by permitting independent actuaries who assist the FSA in its regulatory functions to disclose more information to the FSA in certain circumstances." According to Lindsey Hemingway (2001) the New Act would introduce the following significant changes in the financial services law, although the fundamental principles of the Old Act will be maintained. These will include: the FSA as the sole financial services regulator in place of the various regulatory and professional bodies created under the regime of the Old Act; a revised Financial Promotion scheme; powers to impose penalties for market abuse; regulation, marketing and promotion of collective investment schemes; recognition of investment exchanges and clearing houses; delegation to the London Stock Exchange of the relevant powers to regulate listing activity and to approve all prospectuses; establishment of a single Ombudsman and compensation scheme, replacing the various schemes already in existence, to

MANAGED HEALTHCARE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

MANAGED HEALTHCARE - Assignment Example Medicare plans will bring in new support sectors like data services and also lead to more employment. Laying out a Medicare plan requires extensive investment in the support sectors like data handling systems and infrastructure (Crilly, 2007). There will also be an increased employment that acts as a positive incentive to the economy. One of the primary disadvantages of Medicare plans is the increased burden of handling long-term care. Most of the Medicare plans are complex and this demands an extensive investment of both time and resources. This poses a challenge to the government and healthcare agencies (Klemm, 2000). Catering for the huge and increasing population is a challenge and this creates a problem in the laying out of the Medicare plans. Medicare plans are complex and demand huge funds and this poses a challenge to the government. The need for reliable Medicare plans is increasing as the population grows. More need for Medicare translates to a growing need for the government to allocate more funds to the healthcare sector. The Medicare plans will, therefore, result in an economic burden that will hamper government’s response to other needs (Crilly, 2007). The legislative history of Medicaid gives mixed views in regarding the government’s response and approach to the sector’s several years of existence. The government has given adequate support in the uplifting the standards of Medicaid in response to the healthcare challenges. There has been increased funding over the years and this shows a positive response from the government. On the other hand, the legislative expresses government’s failure to offer substantial support that matches the growing population (Klemm, 2000). It outlines that government’s support for Medicaid is not sufficient especially in the current rise of health complications and the increasing